Stepper Motor Control

Concept This is the first step into electromechanics. Unlike a DC motor that spins freely, a Stepper Motor moves in precise, discrete increments. This project builds the foundation for robotics, CNC machines, and 3D printers where exact positioning is paramount.

The Tech Stack

• Hardware: 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor, ULN2003 Driver Board.
• Logic: Coil Sequencing, Phase Stepping.
• Libraries: Stepper.
• Objective: Control the motor's state (Run/Stop) via software commands.

How it Works The code translates high-level commands into electromagnetic sequences.

1. Setup: We configure the specific coil firing sequence (Note: Pins 8, 10, 9, 11 order is critical for this specific motor).
2. Interaction: The system parses string commands ("ON", "OFF") from the serial monitor.
3. The Loop: When active, the motor steps one increment per loop cycle. This granularity allows the Arduino to remain responsive to "STOP" commands even while mid-rotation.

AI Context 🤖 AI identified the common pitfall with the 28BYJ-48 motor—the necessity to swap the middle pins in the software declaration (8-10-9-11) versus the physical wiring order—saving hours of debugging "vibrating but not moving" motors.

Status ✅ Operational | Motor follows start/stop commands smoothly.