Stable Thermometer with LM35

Concept This project marks the transition from purely digital signals (HIGH/LOW) to the analog world. It introduces the concept of sensory input—converting a physical property (temperature) into a variable voltage that the microcontroller can measure, quantify, and process digitally.

The Tech Stack

• Hardware: LM35 Temperature Sensor, Arduino Board.
• Logic: Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC), Signal Smoothing (Averaging).
• Objective: Create a stable, accurate thermometer that reports real-time temperature to the serial console.

How it Works The system uses the Arduino's 10-bit ADC to map 0-5V to an integer range of 0-1023.

1. Initialization: We establish a serial communication channel to transmit data back to the PC.
2. Signal Processing: Raw analog signals are noisy. The code implements a software filter that takes 20 distinct readings in quick succession (every 10ms) and averages them.
3. Conversion: The averaged value is converted into voltage and then into Celsius using the LM35's linear scale factor (10mV per °C).

AI Context 🤖 AI assisted in implementing the "noise reduction" strategy—suggesting the averaging algorithm to prevent the readings from jumping erratically (jitter) and ensuring the math formula correctly mapped the ADC values to physical units.

Status ✅ Operational | Sensor data is being read, processed, and reported accurately.